The Gaza Strip constitutes the south-western part of Palestine. It is located between the Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Sinai Desert in the south, and the Negev Desert in the east. The loess deposits were observed in the Middle and Gaza Governorates in Gaza Strip. This study carried out in the Wadi Gaza where Quaternary loess well crops out. Twenty three samples were collected from nine observation sites in the study area, and performed a textural, calcium carbonate and organic matter content studies. The loess sequence which is in some locations intercalated by conglomerates overlies sand dunes. The exposed loess shows stable steep walls, easily eroded by water. It consists of sandy loam to loam, with light brown to dark reddish brown color. It composed of clay (1-20%), silt (28-49%), and very fine-to fine-grained sand (43-71%). The carbonate contents range from 6 to 20%, and organic matter contents range from 1 to 2%. The dominant coarse silt-to very fine-grained sands, and quartz-rich composition suggest that the sand dunes of the northern Sinai and western the Negev sands could be the most prominent reservoir of loess sediments in the study area. Other but not the main source of the silt-to very fine-grain sand could be direct contribution from exposed Mediterranean shelf during period of eustatically low sea levels in early MIS 4 (73-60 ka) or even earlier. The loess of coarse silt-to very fine-grained sand are mostly dryor moist semi-arid-deposited. During the accumulation of the loess there were intensive periods of precipitation which indicated by the presence of conglomerates layers within the loess.

Given the legal reasons, the paper highlights that the Israeli clash with the Gaza strip is not an internationally armed conflict and therefore the Gaza strip blockade is not a legitimate action. Furthermore, if this clash is assumed as an armed conflict, it is not legitimate as the Israeli regime has not met the International Humanitarian Law. Discarding the principle of “ not to use famine as a weapon against civilians” is the main reason to prove illegitimacy of the Israeli attempt to impose a sea blockade against Gaza.

Objective: Patients’ satisfaction (PS) is recognized as an important emergency department service design and it has received a high interest and attention in the health management where many studies have focused on determining factors affecting PS in health-related circumstances. In this study, we aimed to examine PS in emergency department (ED) of the European Gaza Hospital (EGH) in the Gaza Strip (GS). Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross sectional study was performed at ED-EGH between March, 15 and June 20, 2015. Press Ganey questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. For each patient, a self-administered questionnaire including 22 questions was filled based on a Likert scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Overall, 200 respondents were included in the study. About 73% of respondents were satisfied with overall medical services. The term of nurses’ concern provided to patients elicited the highest score (83. 1%), followed by physicians’ concern with patients (72. 0%) and communication skills with patients (71. 4%), while the lowest score was reported in waiting time and security staff. Furthermore, our findings show an association between PS and level of education, gender differences, living area, and work shifts. Conclusion: The study results conclude that areas of medical and nursing care, respects of staff, physical comfort and waiting time ED-EGH is highly acceptable and offer in appropriate manners.

This paper is concerned with the use of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression (MLR) models for the prediction of three major water quality parameters in the Gaza wastewater treatment plant. The data sets used in this study consist of nine years and collected from Gaza wastewater treatment plant during monthly records. Treatment efficiency of the plant was determined by taking into account of influent input values of pH, temperature (T), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TSS) with effluent output values of BOD, COD and TSS. Performance of the model was compared via the parameters of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (r). The suitable architecture of the neural network model is determined after several trial and error steps. Results showed that the artificial neural network (ANN) performance model was better than the MLR model. It was found that the ANN model could be employed successfully in estimating the BOD, COD and TSS in the outlet of Gaza wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, sensitive examination results showed that influent TSS and T parameters have more effect on BOD, COD and TSS predicting to other parameters.

On October 2023, the unprecedented bombing of hospitals by the Israeli army killed more than 10000 victims in Gaza and injured more than 28000. By preventing the entry of medicine, medical supplies, and equipment, the Israeli regime has destroyed the health care system in the Gaza Strip. According to reports of the United Nations and the Red Cross, there is no way to provide relief and even primary health care to the injured. There focus is on targeting civilians and residential areas therefore the number of wounded and victims increase to such an extent that it is beyond the capacity of the health and treatment complexes. The report of the Gaza Ministry of Health indicates that in the recent attacks, most of the dead and wounded are civilians, especially women, and children. The recent invasions of clinics and hospitals is hoped to mobilize the humanitarian and medical societies to stand in solidarity and rescue civilians casualties in the face of these escalating invasions.

Fighting and forced displacement are related to disability, mortality, and mental health illnesses. The current war in the Gaze Strip has resulted in children and adolescents leaving their academies and forced displacements into bomb shelters, parking bunches, and refugee structures. The trauma fears that Gaze children are facing possibly put enormous pressure on their physical and mental health, which may be borne throughout their lives. The slaughter of thousands of children is a comprehensive inhumanity. The sense of humanity in a battleground is to help relieve sorrow in the Gaza Strip, save lives and health, and provide consideration for human beings. All human activists hope for emergency aid to healthcare systems in the Gaza Strip. We call upon the UNICEF, WHO, and International Committee of the Red Cross to strengthen its struggles to accomplish humanitarian hospital visits, deliver medical help, and ensure contact with healthcare workers. We hope the entire international medical community will stand with hospitals in the Gaza Strip and criticize this invasion. Gaze, currently sorrowed from fighting, needs agencies with specialists, budgets, and supplies to equip them with necessities, social support, and suitable screening. Also, developing rehabilitation schedules with admiringly educated specialists is necessary to supply the children with adequate coping strategies. Also, the media should recreate an intensive function in the battle period in generating schedules that support children adjusting to routine lives.